Central Foundation Boys' School is a voluntary-aided comprehensive secondary school in the London Borough of Islington. It was founded at a meeting in 1865 and opened the following year in Bath Street, before moving to its current location on Cowper Street in 1869. Originally named The Middle Class School of London, it was renamed in 1890 after the establishment of its trust body, the Central Foundation Schools Trust. Its sister school is Central Foundation Girls' School in Tower Hamlets. Both schools are beneficiaries of the charity Central Foundation Schools of London, which in turn is a beneficiary of The Dulwich Estate, successor to the historic College of God's Gift charity.

There are approximately 1137 pupils in the school aged 11–18, The current Headteacher is Jamie Brownhill who has occupied the post since 2010.

Pupils generally take ten General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams in Year Eleven (aged 15–16) and they have a choice of three or four A-levels or a vocational BTEC in the sixth form (16–19). An Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) inspection in 2015 and more recently in 2025 graded Central Foundation Boys' School as "outstanding", the highest ranking a school can have.